Anomaly Scan in Pregnancy: What It Checks, When It's Done, and Cost

An anomaly scan is a detailed ultrasound usually done between 18 and 22 weeks of pregnancy and focuses on the baby's organs, growth, placenta position, and amniotic fluid levels. It can detect many major structural conditions, but it does not find everything. This scan does not diagnose genetic conditions but helps detect visible abnormalities that may need monitoring or further tests.

This guide explains everything expecting parents want to know, including how the scan works, what it checks, anomaly scan price in Dubai, accuracy, and what happens if something unusual is seen.

What Is an Anomaly Scan in Pregnancy?

An anomaly scan, also called a level 2 ultrasound, is a detailed pregnancy ultrasound that examines the baby's anatomy from head to toe. Unlike early pregnancy scans that confirm dates or heartbeat, this scan focuses on structure and organ formation.

During the scan, the sonographer checks the baby's brain, spine, heart, kidneys, stomach, limbs, and facial features. The placenta, umbilical cord, and amniotic fluid are also assessed. The goal is to make sure development matches the gestational age and to identify visible structural differences early.

When Is the Best Time for an Anomaly Scan?

The ideal time for an anomaly scan is between 18 and 22 weeks of pregnancy. At this stage, the baby's organs are developed enough to be seen clearly, while there is still enough space for proper imaging.

Scans done earlier than 18 weeks may miss certain findings, while scans done later may be harder due to reduced visibility. Most doctors recommend scheduling it around 20 weeks for the best balance of clarity and accuracy.

What Does an Anomaly Scan Check For? Week-by-Week Detail

This scan focuses on physical development rather than chromosomes or genetics. It looks closely at how the baby's body is forming and whether organs appear in the expected shape and position.

The best time for an anomaly scan is between 18 and 22 weeks, with the ideal window being 20-22 weeks when organs are well-developed but the baby is still small enough for clear imaging.

What Is Checked at 18-20 Weeks

• Brain structures: lateral ventricles, cerebellum, cavum septum pellucidum, and overall skull shape
• Face: nasal bone, lips (to rule out cleft lip), and profile
• Spine: alignment and closure of vertebrae from neck to tailbone
• Heart: four chambers, outflow tracts (aorta and pulmonary artery), and rhythm
• Abdominal wall: to check for gastroschisis or omphalocele
• Kidneys and bladder: presence, size, and amniotic fluid volume
• Limbs: arms, legs, hands, and feet (counting fingers and toes when visible)

What Is Checked at 20-22 Weeks

At this slightly later stage, more detailed assessment is possible:

• Brain ventricles measured more precisely to detect hydrocephalus
• Four-chamber heart view and major vessel connections assessed in detail
• Diaphragm checked to rule out diaphragmatic hernia
• Stomach bubble visible to confirm normal esophagus and stomach formation
• Placenta position assessed (low-lying placenta or placenta previa)
• Umbilical cord insertion point and number of vessels (should be three: two arteries, one vein)
• Amniotic fluid volume measured to check for polyhydramnios (too much) or oligohydramnios (too little)

If something appears unclear or the baby's position makes visualization difficult, the doctor may recommend a follow-up ultrasound in 1-2 weeks or refer you to a fetal medicine specialist for more detailed assessment.

Normal vs Abnormal Findings: What to Expect

Soft Markers: What Are They and Should You Worry?

During an anomaly scan, the sonographer may note soft markers, which are minor variations that are usually benign but can sometimes be associated with chromosomal conditions when multiple markers are present.

Common soft markers include:

• Choroid plexus cysts (small fluid-filled spaces in the brain - usually disappear by 28 weeks)
• Echogenic bowel (bright-appearing intestines on ultrasound)
• Short femur or humerus length (slightly shorter than expected limb bones)
• Echogenic intracardiac focus (bright spot in the heart)
• Mild kidney dilation (pyelectasis)
• Single umbilical artery (two vessels instead of three)

In most cases, soft markers are isolated findings that have no clinical significance. If a single soft marker is seen in an otherwise normal scan, the risk of chromosomal abnormalities remains very low. However, if multiple soft markers are present, your doctor may recommend further testing such as amniocentesis or non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) to check for chromosomal conditions like Down syndrome.

The majority of babies with isolated soft markers are born healthy. These markers simply prompt closer monitoring and discussion with your obstetrician about whether additional testing is appropriate based on your individual situation.

How Accurate Is an Anomaly Scan?

In general, around 60-80% of significant physical abnormalities can be identified, depending on the condition, baby's position, and scan quality. An anomaly scan can detect many major structural conditions, but it does not find everything.

Detection rates vary by condition. Heart defects are detected in about 50-70% of cases, while neural tube defects (like spina bifida) and abdominal wall defects are detected in over 90% of cases. Cleft lip is often visible, but cleft palate alone (without lip involvement) is very difficult to see on standard ultrasound.

Some issues develop later in pregnancy, and some conditions cannot be seen on ultrasound at all. A normal scan result is reassuring, but it does not guarantee that the baby will have no medical issues after birth. Chromosomal conditions, hearing loss, autism, and many metabolic disorders cannot be detected by anomaly scan.

Is an Anomaly Scan Safe for the Baby?

Yes, an anomaly scan is considered safe for both mother and baby. Ultrasound uses sound waves, not radiation, and has been used in pregnancy care for decades without evidence of harm when performed by trained professionals.

The scan usually takes 30 to 45 minutes, depending on the baby's position and how cooperative they are during the scan.

Anomaly Scan Price in Dubai: Complete Cost Breakdown

Anomaly scan prices in Dubai vary based on clinic location, expertise, level of detail, and whether 3D/4D imaging is included. Understanding what's included helps you choose the right option.

Most insurance plans in Dubai cover anomaly scans as part of standard maternity care. Daman, BUPA, Cigna, and other major providers typically include one anomaly scan between 18-22 weeks. Check with your insurance provider to confirm coverage and whether pre-authorization is required.

What If an Abnormality Is Found?

If something unusual is seen, it does not always mean there is a serious problem. Sometimes findings are minor, temporary, or unclear due to baby position.

In such cases, doctors may suggest:

• A repeat ultrasound after a few weeks
• Referral to a fetal medicine specialist
• Additional tests, depending on the finding

Early detection allows parents and doctors to plan care, delivery, or monitoring more effectively.

Difference Between Anomaly Scan and Other Pregnancy Ultrasounds

Many parents confuse different pregnancy scans. Each has a specific role at different stages.

If you're also planning earlier scans, you may find it helpful to read about anomaly scan in pregnancy alongside routine ultrasound scans done during prenatal care.

How to Prepare for an Anomaly Scan

Preparation is simple, but following these tips ensures the best possible imaging and a smoother experience.

Before your appointment:

• Drink 2-3 glasses of water 30 minutes before your scan (moderately full bladder helps with imaging, though less critical at 20 weeks than in early pregnancy)
• Wear comfortable two-piece clothing for easy access to your abdomen
• Bring your partner or support person - they are usually welcome to watch the scan
• Bring previous ultrasound reports if you have them, so the doctor can compare growth and measurements
• Allow 45-60 minutes for the full appointment (the scan itself takes 20-45 minutes depending on baby position)

If the baby is in a difficult position (such as lying face-down or curled up), the sonographer may ask you to walk around for 10 minutes or have a snack to encourage movement. Sometimes a follow-up scan a few days later is needed to visualize structures that were initially unclear.

Don't be alarmed if the scan takes longer than expected. A thorough anomaly scan requires patience, and a detailed examination is a sign of good care, not a sign that something is wrong.

Real Patient Story: The Reassurance of a Normal Scan

A first-time mother at 20 weeks was anxious about her anomaly scan. She had read about all the things that could go wrong and arrived at the appointment feeling stressed and worried.

The scan revealed that everything was developing normally. Her baby's brain, heart, spine, kidneys, and limbs were all perfectly formed. The placenta was in a good position, and the amniotic fluid level was normal. For the first time, she could see her baby's face clearly on the screen.

The radiologist took time to explain each measurement and answered all her questions patiently. Seeing that her baby was healthy turned what she feared would be a stressful appointment into a reassuring and even joyful experience. She left with printed images and a detailed report to share with her obstetrician.

This experience is typical: the vast majority of anomaly scans are normal, and the scan provides valuable peace of mind during a time when many parents worry about their baby's development.

Expert Opinion on Anomaly Screening

"The anomaly scan is one of the most important ultrasounds in pregnancy because it allows us to assess all major organ systems at a time when intervention or planning can make a real difference. While most scans are completely normal, identifying structural abnormalities early gives parents time to prepare, consult specialists, and plan delivery at a facility equipped to handle their baby's specific needs. I always encourage parents to view this scan as a routine but important milestone in prenatal care," explains Dr. Parisa Dini, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist.

Why Choosing a Proper Ultrasound Facility Matters

The quality of an anomaly scan depends heavily on the equipment used and the experience of the sonographer and radiologist. Clear imaging and accurate interpretation make a real difference in detection and reassurance.

Clinics offering comprehensive ultrasound services with experienced specialists usually provide more reliable reporting and guidance if follow-up is needed. Choose a facility that takes time to explain findings, answers your questions, and has access to fetal medicine specialists if more detailed assessment is required.

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Final Thoughts

An anomaly scan is one of the most important ultrasounds during pregnancy because it offers a detailed look at how your baby is developing at a critical stage. While it cannot detect every condition, it provides valuable reassurance and helps identify concerns early when planning and care options are wider.

Understanding the right timing, realistic accuracy, and anomaly scan price helps parents approach this scan with clarity rather than anxiety. Choosing the right ultrasound provider like Doctors Clinic Diagnostic Center also matters more than many realize, as experience and reporting quality play a key role. With the right guidance and proper prenatal care, this scan becomes a helpful step toward a healthier and more informed pregnancy journey.

Verfasst von

Dr. Parisa Dini

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Consultant Obstetrician & Gynecologist

MD, Obstetrics & Gynecology

Dr. Parisa Dini is a Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist specializing in prenatal care and women's health at DCDC Dubai Healthcare City.

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