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Hormone Replacement Therapy remains the most effective treatment for menopausal symptoms, particularly hot flashes and night sweats. Modern HRT uses body-identical hormones at the lowest effective doses, delivered through various routes including tablets, patches, gels, and vaginal preparations. The safety profile of HRT has been extensively studied, and current evidence supports its use for women within 10 years of menopause onset, provided individual risk factors are assessed. For women who cannot take hormones, effective alternatives include certain antidepressants (SSRIs/SNRIs) for hot flashes, gabapentin for night sweats, vaginal moisturizers for urogenital symptoms, and cognitive behavioral therapy for mood and sleep management.

Beyond symptom management, menopause care must address long-term health risks that increase with declining estrogen. Bone health becomes critical, as women can lose up to 20% of bone density in the 5-7 years following menopause, increasing fracture risk. Cardiovascular disease risk rises as the protective effects of estrogen on blood vessels and cholesterol diminish. Metabolic changes predispose to weight gain, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. A comprehensive menopause care plan includes DEXA screening for osteoporosis, cardiovascular risk assessment, metabolic health monitoring, continued cervical and breast cancer screening, and lifestyle optimization through nutrition, exercise, and stress management. Regular follow-up ensures treatment remains effective and health risks are proactively managed.