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Management of AKI follows a logical sequence: stabilize the patient, identify and treat the underlying cause, optimize fluid and electrolyte balance, and prevent complications. For pre-renal AKI, volume resuscitation with intravenous fluids is the primary treatment. All medications are reviewed, with nephrotoxic agents discontinued or dose-adjusted. For post-renal AKI, urgent relief of obstruction (catheterization, stent placement, or nephrostomy) is essential. Intrinsic causes may require specific treatments such as immunosuppression for glomerulonephritis or drug withdrawal for interstitial nephritis. Throughout recovery, close monitoring of kidney function, electrolytes, fluid balance, and urine output guides ongoing management.

The long-term implications of AKI extend well beyond the acute episode. Research has demonstrated that AKI survivors face increased risks of developing chronic kidney disease, progressing to end-stage kidney disease, and experiencing cardiovascular events. Even patients whose creatinine returns to baseline after AKI may have subclinical kidney damage that predisposes to future problems. This underscores the importance of post-AKI follow-up, including kidney function monitoring at 3 months and periodically thereafter, blood pressure optimization, avoidance of nephrotoxic medications, and management of comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension. For patients with incomplete recovery, ongoing nephrology care ensures timely intervention if function continues to decline.