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Despite abundant sunshine, the majority of Dubai residents spend the bulk of their day indoors in air-conditioned environments, particularly during the extreme summer months. Covering clothing, sunscreen use, and darker skin pigmentation further reduce UV-B absorption needed for cutaneous vitamin D synthesis.

Vitamin B12 deficiency can manifest through a range of symptoms affecting the blood, nervous system, and mental health. Common signs include persistent fatigue, weakness, numbness or tingling in the hands and feet, difficulty walking, poor balance, and cognitive changes such as memory problems and difficulty concentrating.

Most vitamin tests, including Vitamin D and B12, do not require fasting, so you can eat and drink normally before your appointment. However, iron studies including serum iron, ferritin, and TIBC are more accurate when performed in the morning after an overnight fast of eight to twelve hours.

Ferritin is a protein that stores iron inside your cells and releases it when your body needs it. Serum ferritin is the most sensitive laboratory marker for iron deficiency because it drops before haemoglobin levels decline, meaning low ferritin can detect iron depletion months before anaemia develops.